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Pepsin & Digestion

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Pepsin is a protein-digesting enzyme (a chemical that breaks down proteins into smaller pieces). Pepsin works only in an acidic medium (a condition where the pH is low, like in the stomach). In the stomach, hydrochloric acid (HCl) makes the environment strongly acidic. This acidic environment activates pepsin and allows it to break proteins into smaller peptides (small chains of amino acids). When food leaves the stomach, it is called chyme (semi-digested food mixed with gastric juice). This chyme enters the small intestine. The small intestine does not have an acidic environment. Instead, it has an alkaline medium (a condition where the pH is high, opposite of acidic). Bile juice, produced by the liver, enters the small intestine. Bile juice is alkaline in nature. Its main function is to neutralise (cancel the effect of) the acid present in chyme. Pancreatic juice is also released into the small intestine. Pancreatic juice contains bicarbonate ions (alkaline substances that reduce aci...
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States Of Matter Test (23/02/2026)

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  CHEMISTRY TEST – States Of Matter  Total Marks: 50. Time: 1 hour Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (5 marks) Choose the correct answer. The unit of viscosity in CGS system is: Newton Dyne Poise Pascal For 2 moles of an ideal gas, the ideal gas equation becomes: PV = RT PV = 2RT PV = nRT PV = T At constant temperature, pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume. This law is: Charles’ Law Boyle’s Law Avogadro’s Law Dalton’s Law The intermolecular forces in liquids are: Greater than solids Less than gases Greater than gases but less than solids Equal to gases Density of a gas at constant temperature and pressure is directly proportional to its: Volume Molar mass Temperature Pressure Section B: Very Short Answer ...
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Human nutrition Answer Key (21/02/2026)

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  14. Human Nutrition ANSWER KEY  SECTION A – MCQs (1 Mark Each) 1. Acinar cells are present in pancreas. • Acinar cells are exocrine cells of the pancreas. • These cells secrete digestive enzymes into the pancreatic duct. 2. Molars are maximum in number in human buccal cavity. • An adult human has twelve molars in total. • Molars are more in number compared to incisors, canines, and premolars. 3. Talking is not a digestive function of the tongue. • Talking is related to speech and communication. • Taste, swallowing, and mixing food with saliva are digestive functions. 4. Pepsin is a protease enzyme. • Pepsin helps in the digestion of proteins. • Protease is an enzyme that breaks down proteins into simpler substances. 5. Pepsin works best in acidic medium. • Pepsin functions effectively at a pH of about 1.5 to 2. • The acidic environment of the stomach activates pepsin. SECTION B – Short Answer (3 Marks Each) 1. Why was Shiv adv...
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Human Nutrition Test (21/02/2026)

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   14. Human Nutrition  Total Marks: 50      Time: 2 Hours                       SECTION A   Q.1 Multiple Choice Questions.           (5 Marks) 1. Acinar cells are present in: a) Liver b) Pancreas c) Gastric glands d) Intestinal glands 2. Which type of teeth are maximum in number in human buccal cavity? a) Incisors b) Canines c) Premolars d) Molars 3. Select the odd one out based on digestive function of tongue: a) Taste b) Swallowing c) Talking d) Mixing saliva in food 4. Complete the analogy: Ptyalin : Amylase :: Pepsin : ______ a) Lipase b) Galactose c) Proenzyme d) Protease 5. Which enzyme works best in acidic medium? a) Salivary amylase b) Trypsin c) Pepsin d) Nucleotidase                       SECTION B  Q.2 Short Answer Questions (Any 3)  ...
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Hydrocarbons Answer Key (17/02/2026)

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  Answer Key: Hydrocarbons Date: 16/02/2026 | Total Marks: 100 SECTION A: ONE LINE QUESTIONS (25 Marks) Scoring: 2 points per answer (1 mark each) 1. Define Hydrocarbons. • Hydrocarbons are defined as organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen as their constituent elements. • They are broadly classified into open-chain (aliphatic) and cyclic structures. 2. What is the general formula for Alkanes? • The general molecular formula for the alkane series is C n H 2n+2 . • In this formula, 'n' represents the number of carbon atoms present in the molecule. 3. Why are alkanes called 'paraffins'? • Alkanes are referred to as paraffins because they exhibit very low chemical reactivity. • The term "paraffin" is derived from their low affinity for reacting with other chem...
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Hydrocarbons Test (17/02/02026)

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    Genius Science Academy  TEST PAPER: HYDROCARBONS Time: 3 Hours | Marks: 100 | Date: 16/02/2026 SECTION A: ONE LINE QUESTIONS (25 Marks) Answer all questions. (1 mark each) Define Hydrocarbons. What is the general formula for Alkanes? Why are alkanes called 'paraffins'? State the hybridization of carbon atoms in Alkenes. What is the C-C bond length in Alkanes? Define 'Isomerism'. What is the general formula for Alkynes? Define 'Conformations'. What is a 'Torsion angle'? Name the parent compound of the entire family of aromatic compounds. What is the common name for Alkenes? Give the IUPAC name of the first member of the Alkyne series. State Huckel’s Rule for aromaticity. Which alkane is the major product in...
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Photosynthesis Answer Key

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  Photosynthesis – Section A Answer Key SECTION A – (1 Mark Each) 1) Define Photosynthesis with balanced equation Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants synthesize glucose from carbon dioxide and water using light energy. Balanced Equation: 6CO₂ + 12H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ + 6H₂O. 2) Difference between Chlorophyll-a and Chlorophyll-b Chlorophyll-a contains a methyl (–CH₃) group. Chlorophyll-b contains an aldehyde (–CHO) group. 3) Define Quantum Energy Quantum energy is the minimum amount of energy required to excite an electron. It is carried in the form of a photon of light. 4) Primary function of Accessory Pigments They absorb light of different wavelengths. They transfer absorbed energy to chlorophyll-a. 5) Name the ground substance of chloroplast The ground substance is called stroma. It contains enzymes required for the dark reaction. 6) Location of photosynthetic pigments Photosynthetic pigments are present in the...
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