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Enhancement of food

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11.1 Improvement in Food Production Food: Organic, energy-rich, edible and nourishing substance that provides energy and keeps the body healthy. Green plants prepare their own food through photosynthesis. Animals, including humans, depend directly or indirectly on plants for food. Food production needs improvement due to: Rapid increase in world population. Food scarcity caused by famine Increasing demand for nutritious food. Methods to Improve Food Production Plant breeding Animal breeding Both help increase food production in terms of quantity and quality. 11.2 Plant Breeding Plant breeding: Purposeful manipulation and improvement of the hereditary characters of crop plants to develop new, superior varieties. It is an applied branch of Botany, combining art and science. Based on principles of genetics, taxonomy, physiology, pathology, agriculture and recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology. Objectives of Plant Breeding 1. Increase crop yield. 2. Improve nutritional and overall quality. 3. ...
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15. Biodiversity , Conservation and environmental issues

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15. Biodiversity , Conservation and Environment Environmental issues Biodiversity : Variety of life on Earth. ● Includes a vast range of organisms:  Microorganisms, viruses, algae, fungi,  Plants and animals. ● Found in terrestrial and aquatic habitats, along with the ecological complexes they form. Basis of Biodiversity Biodiversity refers to variations among organisms in: ● Size: Microscopic to macroscopic. ● Shape, colour and form. ● Mode of nutrition. ● Type of habitat. ● Reproduction and motility (ability to move). ● Life-cycle duration. How Does Biodiversity Develop? Organisms face different environmental conditions and adapt for survival and perpetuation (continuation of their species). Environmental factors include : • Climatic: Temperature, rainfall, etc. • Edaphic: Soil-related factors. • Topographic: Land features and elevation. • Geographic: Location and distribution. Adaptations develop distinct features in organisms. These differences contribute to biodiversity. ...
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