2. Systematics of Living Organisms
2.11 Units of Classification Species The species is the lowest and most basic natural taxonomic unit . It ranks below a genus and is denoted by a Latin binomial name (for example: Homo sapiens for humans). It is considered as the fundamental unit of classification in taxonomy. A species is defined as a group of organisms that can interbreed under natural conditions to produce fertile offspring . This means that all members of the same species share common characteristics and can reproduce successfully with each other. Earlier, species were thought to be indivisible, stable, and unchanging (static). However, modern taxonomy recognises that species can have sub-divisions such as: Sub-species: Naturally occurring smaller groups within a species showing slight differences. Varieties: Distinct forms or variations within a species (often used in plants). Populations: Groups of the same species living in a particular geographical area at a given time. Thus,...