Pancreas

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Endocrine Part of Pancreas

The pancreas contains an endocrine part made up of small groups of cells called Islets of Langerhans. These islets are located between the pancreatic acini.

The Islets of Langerhans mainly contain three types of cells:

Cell Hormone secreted Main function

α (Alpha) cells Glucagon Increases blood glucose level
β (Beta) cells Insulin Decreases blood glucose level
δ (Delta) cells Somatostatin Inhibits secretion of insulin and glucagon


How insulin and glucagon work

When blood glucose increases → β-cells release insulin → blood glucose decreases.

When blood glucose decreases → α-cells release glucagon → blood glucose increases.

Therefore, insulin and glucagon work together to maintain a normal blood-sugar level.

Easy way to remember

A-B-D → G-I-S

Alpha → Glucagon → Glucose Goes UP ↑
Beta → Insulin → Glucose Goes DOWN ↓
Delta → Somatostatin → Stops/inhibits both

⭐ HSC Important Point: Pancreas is a heterocrine (mixed) gland because it has both exocrine acini and endocrine Islets of Langerhans.

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